Periodic table (A Level)

Hydrogen
Melting point: –259.2 °C
Boiling point: –252.9 °C

1s¹

Helium
Melting point: –272.2 °C
Boiling point: –268.9 °C

1s²

Lithium
Melting point: 180.5 °C
Boiling point: 1330 °C

1s² 2s¹

Beryllium
Melting point: 1287 °C
Boiling point: 2469 °C

1s² 2s²

Boron
Melting point: 2076 °C
Boiling point: 3927 °C

1s² 2s² 2p¹

Carbon
Sublimes at 3642 °C
solid → gas

1s² 2s² 2p²

Nitrogen
Melting point: –210 °C
Boiling point: –195.8 °C

1s² 2s² 2p³

Oxygen
Melting point: –218.8 °C
Boiling point: –183 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁴

Fluorine
Melting point: –219.7 °C
Boiling point: –188.1 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁵

Neon
Melting point: –248.6 °C
Boiling point: –246.1 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶

Sodium
Melting point: 97.8 °C
Boiling point: 882.9 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹

Magnesium
Melting point: 650 °C
Boiling point: 1091 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²

Aluminium
Melting point: 660.3 °C
Boiling point: 2470 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹

Silicon
Melting point: 1414 °C
Boiling point: 3265 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²

Phosphorus
Melting point: 44.2 °C
Boiling point: 280.5 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³

Sulfur
Melting point: 115.2 °C
Boiling point: 444.6 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴

Chlorine
Melting point: –101.5 °C
Boiling point: –34.0 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

Argon
Melting point: –189.3 °C
Boiling point: –185.9 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶

Potassium
Melting point: 63.5 °C
Boiling point: 759 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹

Calcium
Melting point: 842 °C
Boiling point: 1484 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²

Scandium
Melting point: 1541 °C
Boiling point: 2836 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹

Titanium
Melting point: 1668 °C
Boiling point: 3287 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d²

Vanadium
Melting point: 1910 °C
Boiling point: 3407 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³

Chromium
melting point: 1907 °C
Boiling point: 2671 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵

Manganese
Melting point: 1246 °C
Boiling point: 2061 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁵

Iron
Melting point: 1538 °C
Boiling point: 2862 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁶

Cobalt
Melting point: 1495 °C
Boiling point: 2927 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁷

Nickel
Melting point: 1455 °C
Boiling point: 2730 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁸

Copper
Melting point: 1085 °C
Boiling point: 2562 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d¹⁰

Zinc
Melting point: 419.5 °C
Boiling point: 907.0 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰

Gallium
Melting point: 29.76 °C
Boiling point: 2400 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p¹

Germanium
Melting point: 938.3 °C
Boiling point: 2833 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p²

Arsenic
Sublimes at 615 °C
solid → gas

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p³

Selenium
Melting point: 221 °C
Boiling point: 685 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁴

Bromine
Melting point: –7.2 °C
Boiling point: 58.8 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁵

Krypton
Melting point: –157.4 °C
Boiling point: –153.4 °C

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶

Rubidium
Melting point: 39.3 °C
Boiling point: 688 °C

Strontium
Melting point: 777 °C
Boiling point: 1377 °C

Yttrium
Melting point: 1526 °C
Boiling point: 2930 °C

Zirconium
Melting point: 1855 °C
Boiling point: 4377 °C

Niobium
Melting point: 2477 °C
Boiling point: 4744 °C

Molybdenum
Melting point: 2623 °C
Boiling point: 4639 °C

Technetium
Melting point: 2157 °C
Boiling point: 4265 °C

Ruthenium
Melting point: 2334 °C
Boiling point: 4150 °C

Rhodium
Melting point: 1964 °C
Boiling point: 3695 °C

Palladium
Melting point: 1555 °C
Boiling point: 2963 °C

Silver
Melting point: 961.8 °C
Boiling point: 2162 °C

Cadmium
Melting point: 321 °C
Boiling point: 767 °C

Indium
Melting point: 156.6 °C
Boiling point: 2072 °C

Tin
Melting point: 231.9 °C
Boiling point: 2602 °C

Antimony
Melting point: 630.6 °C
Boiling point: 1635 °C

Tellurium
Melting point: 449.5 °C
Boiling point: 988 °C

Iodine
Melting point: 113.7 °C
Boiling point: 184.3 °C

Xenon
Melting point: –111.7 °C
Boiling point: –108.1 °C

Caesium
Melting point: 28.5 °C
Boiling point: 671 °C

Barium
Melting point: 727 °C
Boiling point: 1845 °C

Lanthanum
Melting point: 920 °C
Boiling point: 3464 °C

Cerium
Melting point: 795 °C
Boiling point: 3443 °C

Praseodymium
Melting point: 935 °C
Boiling point: 3130 °C

Neodymium
Melting point: 1024 °C
Boiling point: 3074 °C

Promethium
Melting point: 1042 °C
Boiling point: 3000 °C

Samarium
Melting point: 1072 °C
Boiling point: 1900 °C

Europium
Melting point: 826 °C
Boiling point: 1529 °C

Gadolinium
Melting point: 1312 °C
Boiling point: 3000 °C

Terbium
Melting point: 1356 °C
Boiling point: 3123 °C

Dysprosium
Melting point: 1407 °C
Boiling point: 2562 °C

Holmium
Melting point: 1461 °C
Boiling point: 2600 °C

Erbium
Melting point: 1529 °C
Boiling point: 2868 °C

Thulium
Melting point: 1545 °C
Boiling point: 2223 °C

Ytterbium
Melting point: 824 °C
Boiling point: 1196 °C

Lutetium
Melting point: 1652 °C
Boiling point: 3402 °C

Hafnium
Melting point: 2233 °C
Boiling point: 4603 °C

Tantalum
Melting point: 3017 °C
Boiling point: 5458 °C

Tungsten
Melting point: 3422 °C
Boiling point: 5930 °C

Rhenium
Melting point: 3186 °C
Boiling point: 5630 °C

Osmium
Melting point: 3033 °C
Boiling point: 5012 °C

Iridium
Melting point: 2446 °C
Boiling point: 4130 °C

Platinum
Melting point: 1768 °C
Boiling point: 3825 °C

Gold
Melting point: 1064 °C
Boiling point: 2970 °C

Mercury
Melting point: –38.8 °C
Boiling point: 356.7 °C

Thallium
Melting point: 304 °C
Boiling point: 1473 °C

Lead
Melting point: 327.5 °C
Boiling point: 1749 °C

Bismuth
Melting point: 271.5 °C
Boiling point: 1564 °C

Polonium
Melting point: 254 °C
Boiling point: 962 °C

Astatine
Melting point: 302 °C
Boiling point: 337 °C

Radon
Melting point: –71 °C
Boiling point: –61.7 °C

Francium
Melting point: 27 °C
Boiling point: 677 °C

Radium
Melting point: 700 °C
Boiling point: 1737 °C

Actinium
Melting point: 1050 °C
Boiling point: 3200 °C

Thorium
Melting point: 1750 °C
Boiling point: 4788 °C

Protactinium
Melting point: 1568 °C
Boiling point: 4027 °C

Uranium
Melting point: 1132 °C
Boiling point: 4131 °C

Neptunium
Melting point: 639 °C
Boiling point: 4174 °C

Plutonium
Melting point: 639 °C
Boiling point: 3228 °C

Americium
Melting point: 1176 °C
Boiling point: 2607 °C

Curium
Melting point: 1340 °C
Boiling point: 3110 °C

Berkelium
Melting point: 986 °C
Bp (estimated): 2627 °C

Californium
Melting point: 900 °C
Bp (estimated): 1470 °C

Einsteinium
Melting point: 860 °C
Bp (estimated): 996 °C

Fermium
Mp (predicted): 1855 °C
Boiling point: unknown

Mendelevium
Mp (predicted): 827 °C
Boiling point: unknown

Nobelium
Mp (predicted): 827 °C
Boiling point: unknown

Lawrencium
Mp (predicted): 1627 °C
Boiling point: unknown

Rutherfordium
Mp (predicted): 2100 °C
Bp (predicted): 5500 °C

Dubdium
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Seaborgium
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Bohrium
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Hassium
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Meitnerium
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Darmstadtium
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Roentgenium
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Copernicium
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Nihonium
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Flerovium
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Moscovium
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Livermorium
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Tennessine
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Oganesson
Melting point: unknown
Boiling point: unknown

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Nitrogen group
(Pnictogens)

Oxygen group
(Chalcogens)

Halogens

Noble gases

Typical properties:

• high melting points
• high boiling points
• good electrical conductors
• good thermal conductors
• shiny when cut
• strong and malleable

Elements with properties in between those of metals and non-metals.

Typical properties:

• low melting points
• low boiling points
• poor electrical conductors
• poor thermal conductors
• dull
• brittle when solid

Physical state at room temperature:
solid (s), liquid (l) or gas (g).

The weighted mean mass of the atoms of an element, compared to ¹⁄₁₂^th the mass of a ¹²C atom.

The number of protons in an atomic nucleus.
Also called the proton number.